Nail-Bed Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Digital SCC is a malignant tumor that originates in the nail-bed epithelium.

Most dogs with SCC of the digit are examined because of a sore toe. Limping, swelling, bleeding/discharge, ulceration, and breaking or splitting of nails are also common complaints. SCC tumors in many dogs were preceded by chronic nail-bed infections.

Black, large breed dogs such as Standard Poodles, Giant Schnauzers and Bouviers appear to be predisposed. In these breeds, multiple digits may be involved over a course of two to four years. Each toe affected is a primary tumor, and not metastases from another digit.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the digit is locally aggressive, and "lysis" (erosion and deterioration of bone) is evident on X-rays about 80% of the time. Amputation of the digit is necessary to prevent SCC from spreading to adjacent lymph nodes and major organs.

It is recommended that more than the P3 (tip of the toe) be amputated. A P1 or even a P2 amputation, but always more than the P3.

Average age at the onset of SCC is nine, but Standard Poodles as young as four have been reported.

Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology of the affected digit.

Additional Information

Poodle Papers-Understanding Digital SCC (PAGE 16 bottom left)
  
Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981-1991)
  
Treatment by digital amputation of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 21 cases (1987-1988)
  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs
  
Diseases of the Canine digit
  
Vet Med-Digital Cancer
  
Oncolink- Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  
University of Pennsylvania- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  
University of Missouri- Nail-Bed Carcinoma
  
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed in three related Giant Schnauzers   
  

References

Dr. Steven Kruth DVM, ACVIM 
Professor and Chair, Internal Medicine
University of Guelph, Ontario.

Dr. Joke Brouwers DVM

Dr. Robert Leonard DVM

Clinical Signs, Diagnosis and Treatment of Specific Cancers in Dogs and Cats.
pg. 504 1999


X-Ray

 To enter a Standard Poodle with Digital SCC into the registry, please contact:

Lynn Wilkes